The 20% Rule
Industry standard: Expect to spend 20% of your initial development cost annually on maintenance. If your app cost $50k, budget $10k/year.
Server and Infrastructure
Hosting, database, and storage costs scale with users. Startups might pay little initially, but success increases bills quickly.
Third-Party Services
SaaS subscriptions add up: Analytics, push notifications, payment gateways, emailing services, maps APIs.
OS Updates and Compatibility
Apple and Google update OSs annually. Apps often break or look dated. You must update SDKs and test against new versions.
Bug Fixes and Monitoring
All software has bugs. New devices introduce new edge cases. Ongoing QA and developer hours are required for stabilization.
Marketing and User Support
Customer acquisition and retention are ongoing costs. Support staff are needed to answer emails and reviews.
Content Updates
Stale apps die. Budget for fresh content creation, creative assets, and feature enhancements to keep users engaged.