The European Commission has accused TikTok of intentionally designing its app to be "addictive," highlighting features like infinite scroll, autoplay, and push notifications as key contributors to compulsive use. The preliminary findings from an investigation into TikTok's compliance with the EU's Digital Services Act suggest that the short video platform failed to adequately assess how its design decisions could harm user well-being, particularly among minors and vulnerable adults.
The Commission's report notes that TikTok disregarded important indicators of compulsive app use, such as users' screen time at night and frequency of opening. By constantly "rewarding" users with new content, certain design features of TikTok fuel the urge to keep scrolling, shifting users' brains into "autopilot mode." Scientific research shows that this can lead to compulsive behavior and reduce users' self-control.
To address these concerns, the Commission has called on TikTok to change its basic design by disabling features like infinite scroll, implementing screen time breaks, and modifying its recommendation system. However, TikTok has denied the allegations, stating that the Commission's findings are "categorically false" and "meritless."
The Issue of App Push Notifications
TikTok's alleged addiction-inducing design features include app push notifications, which can be particularly insidious in fueling compulsive behavior. By leveraging psychological triggers like FOMO (fear of missing out) and novelty-seeking tendencies, these notifications can encourage users to keep opening the app, even when they may not have intended to.
Screen Time Management Tools Not Enough
While TikTok does offer screen time management tools and parental controls, the European Commission has concluded that these measures are insufficient in reducing the risks associated with its addictive design. The Commission notes that these tools can be easily dismissed or introduce limited friction, making it difficult for users to effectively control their screen time.
Global Scrutiny of Social Media Platforms
The allegations against TikTok come as social media platforms face increased scrutiny worldwide. Governments are pushing for stricter regulations, including age restrictions and bans on young users accessing certain social media platforms altogether. In November, Australia mandated deactivation of accounts belonging to users under 16, while the U.K., Spain, France, Denmark, Italy, and Norway have worked on similar measures.
In the United States, 24 states have enacted age-verification laws, and TikTok has recently settled a major social media addiction lawsuit. As the European Commission's preliminary findings are confirmed, TikTok will have time to respond and potentially face sanctions if it fails to comply with the Digital Services Act.